Otroacizzia soriae sp . nov . , a new Miocene psyllid ( Insecta , Hemiptera , Psyllidae ) from Dominican amber

A new species of the fossil genus Otroacizzia Klimaszewski, 1996 (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) is described as Otroacizzia soriae sp. nov. on the basis of a female specimen. This species is preserved in midMiocene amber from La Toca mines, Dominican Republic. The genus Otroacizzia is the most diverse psylloid genus in Dominican amber, with four known species. The new species differs from the three previously known species by the presence of a subapical dark band in the fore wing from the anterior part of the end of vein Rs to the end of vein Cu1b, which has a gap in the middle of the cell c1. Other differences in the fore wing are the presence of a strongly curved vein Cu1b and a cell c1 clearly longer than cell m1. Finally, the antennal segment 3 of the new species is one and a half times longer than segment 4.


Introduction
Sternorrhyncha are typically divided into the superfamilies Psylloidea, Aleyrodoidea, Aphidoidea and Coccoidea.The Psylloidea, or "plant lice", are the sternorrhynchans most morphologically and biologically generalized, which possibly is the living sister group to the rest of the Sternorrhyncha (Grimaldi & Engel, 2005).Psylloids are very uncommon in the fossil record, and the oldest psylloids are from the Early Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous of Eurasia, with representatives of the extinct families Liadopsyllidae and Malmopsyllidae (Grimaldi & Engel, 2005).The Present-day distribution pat-terns of the holarctic and neotropical Psylloidea, and the origin of the nearctic fauna, have been discussed by Hodkinson (1980Hodkinson ( , 1989)).Psyllidae is the largest family of Psylloidea with ca.1,800 living species in over 155 genera worldwide (from the Arctic Circle to the subantarctic islands).Extant species of Psyllidae are feeders on a wide range of hostplants, including Annonales and Asterales, and some of them produce galls.
The fossil record of the family Psyllidae is very poor.Up to now, this family of hemipterans has been found in amber (Baltic and Dominican ambers) and in laminate sediments originated in lacustrine environments around the world (e.g., Otroacizzia soriae sp.nov., a new Miocene psyllid (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psyllidae) from Dominican amber E. Peñalver 1 , V. García-Gimeno 2 ABSTRACT A new species of the fossil genus Otroacizzia Klimaszewski, 1996 (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) is described as Otroacizzia soriae sp.nov. on the basis of a female specimen.This species is preserved in mid-Miocene amber from La Toca mines, Dominican Republic.The genus Otroacizzia is the most diverse psylloid genus in Dominican amber, with four known species.The new species differs from the three previously known species by the presence of a subapical dark band in the fore wing from the anterior part of the end of vein Rs to the end of vein Cu 1b , which has a gap in the middle of the cell c 1 .Other differences in the fore wing are the presence of a strongly curved vein Cu 1b and a cell c 1 clearly longer than cell m 1 .Finally, the antennal segment 3 of the new species is one and a half times longer than segment 4.
Here we describe a new species of the fossil genus Otroacizzia Klimaszewski, 1996 on the basis of a female specimen from Dominican amber, extending the known number of species of this genus up to four.

Material and Methods
Amber on the Caribbean island of La Española (Dominican amber) is abundant in the mountains 10-20 km north and northeast of Santiago de los Caballeros.Dominican amber contains abundant and diversified insects as bioinclusions (Grimaldi & Engel, 2005).The amber is excavated by locals, and the piece studied here was acquired through purchase, directly from the local miners in La Toca mines, in 2000.
Dominican amber is mid-Miocene in age, 15-20 Ma (Iturralde-Vinent & MacPhee 1996); the age of Dominican amber has been confused in recent years, but all evidences support the Miocene age indicated.This amber was formed by an extinct species of Hymenaea tree (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioidea), living species of which today exude copious resin when the bark is wounded by storms or boring insects (Langenheim, 2003).Hymenaea today grows primarily in coastal habitats of western Central America, the Caribbean and throughout the Amazon Basin, with one species living in eastern Africa (Langenheim, 2003).
Morphological terminology used here generally follows that of the Klimaszewski's articles.
Type locality: Mid-Miocene amber from La Toca mines in the Cordillera Septentrional, Dominican Republic (La Española).
Diagnosis: species of the fossil genus Otroacizzia with a subapical dark band in the fore wing from the anterior part of the end of vein Rs to the end of vein Cu 1b ; this band has irregular margins, does not cover the marginal membrane between the veins and it has a gap in the middle of the cell cu 1 .Vein Cu 1b in fore wing strongly sinuate towards the wing base.Cell c 1 in fore wing clearly longer than cell m 1 .

Discussion
The new species belongs to the genus Otroacizzia by the following combination of characteristics: 1-genal cones with apices of unique shape, 2-veins R and M+Cu 1 subequal in length, 3-hind basitarsus with a single black spur.This genus was established on the basis of a male specimen, thus other of its characteristics is the presence of a well-developed posterior lobe.Up to today, this extinct genus only has been found in Dominican amber, and contains three described species, all by Klimaszewski (1996): O. muta, O. prosapia and O. tertia.The females of the three species are known, and for this reason the comparison of O. soriae sp.nov.was satisfactory.Aside from the diagnostical characters and the more elongate fore wing compared to the three previously known species, O. soriae sp.nov.differs from O. muta by bigger fore wing and the apex of fore wing is not situated at the end of vein M 1+2 .The new species differs from O. prosapia by bigger fore wing, and longer antennae, and the antennal segment 3 is clearly longer than the total length of segments 7+8, and the fore wing apex is not situated at the end of vein M 1+2 , and the fore wing vein M+Cu 1 and Cu 1 are more similar in lenght.O. soriae sp.nov.differs from O. tertia by a smaller body size, a longer pterostigma compared to the fore wing lenght, and a very different cell c 1 coeficient in fore wing (2.1 vs. 1.4 in O. tertia).
As indicated by Klimaszewski (1993b) the hind wing venation in psylloids has interesting features to conduct taxonomical and phylogenetical analyses, but it has remained poorly studied.Thus, not even this author described the hind venation when he stablished the genus Otroacizzia and the three species present in Dominican amber (Klimaszewski, 1996).The excellent preservation of the new specimen studied here allows us a complete reconstruction of the hind wing for the genus Otroacizzia (fig.3).According to Klimaszewski (1993b), the R+M vein present in the hind wing of the new species (fig.3-left-) constitutes a plesiomorphy.
Otroacizzia is close to the Extant genus Acizzia and differs in the relative length of M+Cu 1 respect to R, the occasional presence in Acizzia of two spurs in the hind basitarsus, and in the relative size of the posterior lobe (Klimaszewski, 1996).Acizzia has a worldwide distribution: Afrotropical Region, Australian Region (Australia, New Zealand), Nearctic Region (Mexico and USA), Neotropical Region (Chile) and Palaearctic Region.