Comportement des métaux et fonctionnement d’un estuaire en zone sub aride : cas de l’estuaire du Souss (côte atlantique Marocaine)

Abstract

Selected trace metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr) were studied in surface sediments and cores from the Souss wadi estuary. Trace metal concentrations in riverine and effluent SPM, and in down-the estuary, bed sediments, show that Cr and Ni have a geological origin, while, Pb, Zn and Cu apparently are anthropogenic. The concentration of most metals in down-the estuary sediments diminish in relation to the regional geochemical background by scavenging effects and desorption processes. The vertical distributions of trace metals show an enrichment in finer grained horizons ascribed to the diffusive flux of metals and their retention by the clay-rich layers. The estuary does not constitute a trap for polluting metals as occurs in wet climates. However, the mud flats sedimentary column records a slight increase in polluting elements. The transit of these metals towards the seawater could generate a risk for the aquatic life and for the surrounding beaches.