Una revisión de los procesos geoquímicas de baja temperatura en la interacción agua-roca

Abstract

Mineral alteration processess give raise to the physico-chemical characteristics of natural waters by means of water-rock interactions during the hydrogeological cycle. Rainwaters acquire their main components by exchange ions with the cation exchange complex of the insaturated zone. The superficial alteration of the primary rocks origines the secondary minerals and remain reflected in the solutes incorporation in the waters. The origin of groundwaters composition from igneous rocks would be predicted with chemical cuantitative models if thermodinamic constants of some alteration products would be known. The sulfide oxication and the sulphate reduction are two important redox hydrogeochemical processes involved in the changes of the redox potential and the bacteries are present as catalytic of the reactions. The dolomite formation and the de dolomitization are present in the limestones and several problems appear with the kinetic in the reaction of the dolomite formation.