Procesos de precipitación mineral bioinducidos en sistemas kársticos subterráneos: breve revisión y nuevas tendencias

S. Sánchez-Moral; J. M. González; J. C. Cañaveras; S. Cuezva; J. Lario; C. Cardell; J. Elez; L. Luque; C. Saiz-Jiménez

doi:10.3989/egeol.066215

Authors

S. Sánchez-Moral Departamento de Geología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
J. M. González Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC
J. C. Cañaveras Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante
S. Cuezva Departamento de Geología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
J. Lario Departamento de Ciencias Analíticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
C. Cardell Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada
J. Elez Departamento de Paleontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
L. Luque Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel, Dinópolis, Teruel.
C. Saiz-Jiménez Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/egeol.066215

Keywords:

microbial community, geomicrobiology, bioreceptivity, biomineralization, karst, cave

Abstract

Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, inhabit all possible environments in the biosphere including subterranean ones. They play an important role in geological processes such as mineral precipitation and dissolution, and significantly influence biogeochemical cycles. At present, relatively few studies have focused on the active role of microorganisms, especially bacteria, in the formation of speleothems. Thus, the involvement of microbial activity in the formation of speleothems in caves is a geomicrobiological issue still to be solved. Today, the relationship between microorganisms and mineral fabrics and the role played by microorganisms in carbonate precipitation is unclear. The processes of carbonate deposit formation in caves offers an excellent scenario for research on biomineralization processes (from active microorganisms to their mineral deposits), because caves are protected environments where microbial fabrics can be preserved without extensive diagenetic modification or destruction. The new tendencies on geomicrobiological studies consist on applying different and multidisciplinary methodological approaches (petrology, geochemistry, microbiology, molecular biology) to (1) determine the role of the different microbial communities inhabiting the hypogean environments in the processes of mineral transformation, (2) identifying the physical and chemical properties of bioinduced crystalline phases, and (3) determine the environmental conditions, composition and texture of natural substrates (bioreceptivity) favouring or inhibiting the development of microbial communities.

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