Petrología, evolución geodinámica y georrecursos del Espacio Natural de Sierra Nevada

E. Puga; A. Díaz de Federico; J. M. Nieto; M. A. Díaz Puga

doi:10.3989/egeol.07632199

Authors

E. Puga Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Facultad de Ciencias, Granada
A. Díaz de Federico Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias, Granada
J. M. Nieto Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva
M. A. Díaz Puga Departamento de Hidrogeología y Química Analítica, Universidad de Almería, Almería

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/egeol.07632199

Keywords:

Igneous and metamorphic petrology, Geodynamic evolution, Georesources, Sierra Nevada Park, Nevadofilabride Domain, Betic Cordillera

Abstract

We show the spatial distribution of the various geological formations that make up the Veleta and Mulhacén Complexes into the Sierra Nevada Park and illustrate, with macro- and microscopic photographs, their most characteristic types of rock. The Veleta and Mulhacén Complexes were previously considered together as the Nevado-Filábride Complex. They constitute the deepest units of the Betic Cordilleras and crop out in Sierra Nevada forming the highest pics of the Iberian Peninsula. The Veleta Complex (VC) is formed of several thousand metres of graphite-bearing micaschists and crops out as a series of tectonic windows below the Mulhacén Complex (MC). This latter complex comprises two thrust nappes of crustal origin, composed of a Palaeozoic basement and Mesozoic cover series, between which a Jurassic-Cretaceous ophiolitic nappe is tectonically intercalated. Within the MC nappes of crustal origin, there appear meta-granitic rocks, generated in a late-Hercynian syn-collisional magmatism and a Permian to Triassic, post-collisional intraplate, acidic-to-intermediate volcanism. The ophiolitic nappe is composed of basic, ultramafic and sedimentary rocks affected by ocean-floor and orogenic metamorphism. The basic rocks mainly retain their original MORB character. The ultramafic rocks are serpentinites and secondary harzburgites containing partly rodingitized meta-basaltic dykes. The Alpine metamorphism developed eclogite facies followed by Ab-Ep amphibolite facies in the MC and Ab-Ep amphibolite facies followed by greenschist facies in the VC. The different tectonic units forming the Veleta and Mulhacén Complexes, so as the Soportujar Formation, which was deposited over the MC units during an alpine intraorogenic stage, were defined from outcrops very well represented into the Natural Space of Sierra Nevada. These outcrops constitute a series of petrological georesources, which are essential to reconstruct the origin and petrogenetic evolution of Sierra Nevada and, by extension, of the Betic Cordillera. For this reason, they would deserve the highest degree of protection in order to prevent the destruction and plundering of their rocks and minerals.

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