Características geoquímicas generales del sistema salino del Salar de Llamara (Chile)

I. Garcés; P. L. López; L. F. Auqué; G. Chong; V. Valles; M. J. Gimeno

doi:10.3989/egeol.96521-2251

Características geoquímicas generales del sistema salino del Salar de Llamara (Chile)

Authors

I. Garcés Depto. Ingeniería Química. Universidad de Antofagasta
P. L. López Area de Petrología y Geoquímica. Depto. Ciencias de la Tierra. Fac. Ciencias. Universidad de Zaragoza
L. F. Auqué Area de Petrología y Geoquímica. Depto. Ciencias de la Tierra. Fac. Ciencias. Universidad de Zaragoza
G. Chong Depto. Geociencias. Universidad Católica del Norte
V. Valles Laboratoire de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
M. J. Gimeno Programa de Comportamiento Ambiental de Contaminantes Convencionales. Instituto de Medio Ambiente-CIEMAT

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/egeol.96521-2251

Keywords:

Salar, brines, evaporation, geochemical evolution, gypsum

Abstract

«Norte Grande de Chile» is a wide area characterized by arid climatic features. This region contains numerous undrained basins in which development of saline systems called salars takes place. The scattered ponds in «salar de Llamará» system contain nearneutral brines of the Na-Cl type. Moreover, mineralogic composition of this salar deposits is mainly gypsiferous.
This saline system has been sampled throughout two summer seasons. Compositional evolution of solutions (through application of chemical divide rule from Hardie and Eugster, 1970) shows that its trend has been influenced by the precipitation of calcite and gypsum. Saturation states calculated by PHRQPITZ geochemical code have pointed out that all brines sampled were saturated with regard to both minerals.
Theoretical evolution of brines in advanced evaporative stages has been carried out by means of Valyashko diagram. Saline mineral s which appear together with gypsum in salar deposits confirm the forecasts of this method. After gypsum, progressive evaporation causes the precipitation of halite. Crystallization of more soluble sulphates, borates and nitrates would occur in more advanced stages near to brine dryness.

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Published

1996-04-30

How to Cite

Garcés, I., López, P. L., Auqué, L. F., Chong, G., Valles, V., & Gimeno, M. J. (1996). Características geoquímicas generales del sistema salino del Salar de Llamara (Chile). Estudios Geológicos, 52(1-2), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.3989/egeol.96521-2251

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Issue

Vol. 52 No. 1-2 (1996)

Section

Articles

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